Summary: The author underlines the continuity of the Soviet and Russian military thought, reflected also in the way Russia formulates and uses doctrinal documents. Using the example of these documents, he emphasises the offensive character of Kremlin’s actions, which under the pretext of defending Russian identity implements the old imperial policy. Purpose and research methods: The author of the article undertakes the task of examining the role of Russian doctrinal documents and their value for the analysis of Russian politics. Conclusions / recommendations: Reading the latest Doctrine of information security in the context of other documents and activities taken by the Russian Federation’s authorities shows that: a. the content of doctrines reveals the Russian way of thinking and allows to determine what actions can be expected from the Russian side: influencing individual, collective and social awareness, especially in young people, in order to fuel international, religious, ethnic and social tensions; b. Russia’s activities in the infosphere are characterised by combining instruments from the field of humanities and sciences, and its approach is dominated by the primacy of psychology, meaning that there is a particular focus on devel-oping methods designed to impact on human perception, attitudes, mentality and emotions; the publication of the doctrine and further actions aimed to increase Russian capabilities in the information sphere indicate that the Kremlin highly values the eectiveness of its information operations.